Stationary Reciprocating Internal Combustion
Engines (RICE):
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The Internal Combustion (IC) engines affected by the regulation are
of four design categories:
- spark ignition 2 stroke lean burn (2SLB) stationary
- spark ignition 4 stroke lean burn (4SLB) stationary,
- spark ignition 4 stroke rich burn (4SRB) stationary, and
- compression ignition (CI) stationary RICE.
In an IC engine, a mixture of air and fuel is burned in engine cylinders.
A series of pistons and a crankshaft convert the energy of the expanding
gases into mechanical work. Apart from the method of ignition, and
the number of strokes, two or four, engines are differentiated by
their air-to-fuel (A/F) ratio. As defined by the Gas Research Institute
(GRI, 2000), the relative proportions of air and fuel are expressed
as the mass of air to that of fuel and is called the A/F ratio.
The A/F ratio is called “ stoichiometric” if the mixture
contains the minimum amount of air that supplies sufficient oxygen
to complete combustion of the fuel. Rich burn engines operate near
the fuel-air stoichiometric limit with excess oxygen levels less
than 4 percent. Lean burn engines operate with significantly higher
excess oxygen levels (GRI, 2000). The majority of the information
contained in this section is from the Gas Research Institute’s publication, “Engine Design, Operation, and Control in the
Natural Gas Industry” (GRI, 2000).
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